Formulación de galletas fortificadas por sustitución parcial de harina de moringa y suero lácteo / Formulation of fortified cookies by partial substitution of moringa flour and whey

El suero lácteo y la moringa poseen alto valor nutricional; sin embargo, su uso en la elaboración de productos alimenticios es una alternativa viable pero poco utilizada. Objetivo. Elaborar una galleta fortificada por sustitución parcial de harina de moringa (HM) y polvo de suero lácteo (PSL). Materiales y métodos. Durante septiembre-diciembre 2021, se desarrollaron cuatro formulaciones con sustitución parcial de harina de trigo por HM y PSL (F0=100:0:0; F1=90:5:5; F2=80:10:10; F3=70:15:15). La aceptación del producto se determinó mediante una evaluación sensorial considerando los atributos sabor, olor, color, textura y aceptación general. Se realizó el análisis químico proximal a la HM, al PSL, a la formulación de mayor aceptación y a F0. Se compararon los distintos parámetros químico proximales y de aceptación mediante una anova de una vía, seguido de una prueba de comparación de medias de Tukey (p<0,05). Resultados. Conforme se incrementa el porcentaje de sustitución de harina de trigo por HM y PSL se obtiene menor aceptación de las galletas, siendo F1 la más aceptada. F1 registró un contenido proteico de 6,90±0,04%, significativamente mayor al observado en F0. Conclusiones. La buena aceptabilidad de F1 indica que la sustitución parcial por HM y PSL no influyen en su aceptación; además, F1 mostró un enriquecimiento de proteinas, lípidos y cenizas, así como contenido adecuado de humedad y carbohidratos(AU)

Introduction. Whey and moringa have high nutritional value; however, their use in the production of food products is a viable but rarely used alternative. Objective. To make a biscuit fortified by partial substitution of moringa flour (MF) and whey powder (WP). Materials and methods. During September-December 2021, four formulations were developed with different degrees of partial substitution of wheat flour for MF and WP (F0=100:0:0; F1=90:5:5; F2=80:10:10; F3=70:15:15). The acceptance of the product was determined through a sensory evaluation considering the attributes taste, odor, color, texture and general acceptance. A proximal chemical analysis was performed on the MF, WP, the most widely accepted formulation and F0. Proximal chemical parameters and acceptance attributes were compared using a one-way anova, followed by a Tukey mean comparison test (p<0.05). Results. As the percentage of substitution of wheat flour by MF and WP increases less acceptance of the biscuits is obtained, with F1 as the most accepted formulation. F1 registered a protein content of 6.90±0.04%, significantly higher than that observed in F0. Conclusions: The good acceptability of F1 indicates that the partial substitution of wheat flour for MF and WP do not influence its acceptance; in addition, F1, showed an enrichment of protein, lipid and ash, as well as adequate moisture and carbohydrate content(AU)

Cytopathological characterization of ascites for the diagnosis of serous ovarian carcinoma / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: To investigate the cytomorphological and immunocytochemical features of tumor cells in the ascites of ovarian plasmacytoma (SOC). Methods: Specimens of serous cavity effusions were collected from 61 tumor patients admitted to the Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2015 to July 2021, including ascites from 32 SOC, 10 gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas, 5 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas, 6 lung adenocarcinomas, 4 benign mesothelial hyperplasia and 1 malignant mesothelioma patients, pleural effusions from 2 malignant mesothelioma patients and pericardial effusion from 1 malignant mesothelioma. Serous cavity effusion samples of all patients were collected, conventional smears were made through centrifugation, and cell paraffin blocks were made through centrifugation of remaining effusion samples. Conventional HE staining and immunocytochemical staining were applied to observe and summarize cytomorphological characteristics and immunocytochemical characteristics. The levels of serum tumor markers carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) were detected. Results: Of the 32 SOC patients, 5 had low-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (LGSOC) and 27 had high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC). 29 (90.6%) SOC patients had elevated serum CA125, but the difference was not statistically significant between them and patients with non-ovarian primary lesions included in the study (P>0.05); The serum CEA was positive in 9 patients with gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma and 5 patients with lung adenocarcinoma, and the positive rate was higher than that in SOC patients (P<0.001); The serum CA19-9 was positive in 5 patients with gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma and 5 patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and the positive rate was higher than that in SOC patients (P<0.05). The serum CA125, CEA and CA19-9 were within the normal range in 4 patients with benign mesothelial hyperplasia. LGSOC tumor cells were less heterogeneous and aggregated into small clusters or papillary pattern, and psammoma bodies could be observed in some LGSOC cases. The background cells were fewer and lymphocytes were predominant; the papillary structure was more obvious after making cell wax blocks. HGSOC tumor cells were highly heterogeneous, with significantly enlarged nuclei and varying sizes, which could be more than 3-fold different, and nucleoli and nuclear schizophrenia could be observed in some cases; tumor cells were mostly clustered into nested clusters, papillae and prune shapes; there were more background cells, mainly histiocytes. Immunocytochemical staining showed that AE1/AE3, CK7, PAX-8, CA125, and WT1 were diffusely positively expressed in 32 SOC cases. P53 was focally positive in all 5 LGSOCs, diffusely positive in 23 HGSOCs, and negative in the other 4 HGSOCs. Most of adenocarcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract and lung had a history of surgery, and tumor cells of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tend to form small cell nests. Immunocytochemistry can assist in the differential diagnosis of mesothelial-derived lesions with characteristic "open window" phenomenon. Conclusion: Combining the clinical manifestations of the patient, the morphological characteristics of the cells in the smear and cell block of the ascites can provide important clues for the diagnosis of SOC, and the immunocytochemical tests can further improve the accuracy of the diagnosis.

Variations in nutritional profile of honey produced by various species of genus Apis / Variações no perfil nutricional do mel produzido por várias espécies do gênero Apis

Abstract The medicinal attributes of honey appears to overshadow its importance as a functional food. Consequently, several literatures are rife with ancient uses of honey as complementary and alternative medicine, with relevance to modern day health care, supported by evidence-based clinical data, with little attention given to honey's nutritional functions. The moisture contents of honey extracted from University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore honey bee farm was 12.19% while that of natural source was 9.03 ± 1.63%. Similarly, ash and protein contents of farmed honey recorded were 0.37% and 5.22%, respectively. Whereas ash and protein contents of natural honey were 1.70 ± 1.98% and 6.10 ± 0.79%. Likewise fat, dietary fiber and carbohydrates contents of farmed source documented were 0.14%, 1.99% and 62.26% respectively. Although fat, dietary fiber and carbohydrates contents of honey taken from natural resource were 0.54 ± 0.28%, 2.76 ± 1.07% and 55.32 ± 2.91% respectively. Glucose and fructose contents of honey taken out from honeybee farm were 27% and 34% but natural source were 22.50 ± 2.12% and 28.50 ± 3.54%. Glucose and fructose contents of honey taken out from honeybee farm were 27% and 34% but natural source were 22.50 ± 2.12% and 28.50 ± 3.54%. Similarly, sucrose and maltose contents of farmed honey were 2.5% and 12% while in natural honey were 1.35 ± 0.49% and 8.00 ± 1.41% respectively. The present study indicates that such as moisture, carbohydrates, sucrose and maltose contents were higher farmed honey as compared to the natural honey. In our recommendation natural honey is better than farmed honey.

Resumo Os atributos medicinais do mel parecem ofuscar sua importância como alimento funcional. Consequentemente, várias literaturas estão repletas de usos antigos do mel como medicina complementar e alternativa, com relevância para os cuidados de saúde modernos, apoiados por dados clínicos baseados em evidências, com pouca atenção dada às funções nutricionais do mel. O teor de umidade do mel extraído da Universidade de Veterinária e Ciências Animais, fazenda de abelhas de Lahore, foi de 12,19%, enquanto o de fonte natural foi de 9,03 ± 1,63%. Da mesma forma, os teores de cinzas e proteínas do mel cultivado foram de 0,37% e 5,22%, respectivamente. Já os teores de cinzas e proteínas do mel natural foram de 1,70 ± 1,98% e 6,10 ± 0,79%. Da mesma forma, os teores de gordura, fibra dietética e carboidratos de origem cultivada documentados foram de 0,14%, 1,99% e 62,26%, respectivamente. Embora os teores de gordura, fibra alimentar e carboidratos do mel retirado dos recursos naturais fossem de 0,54 ± 0,28%, 2,76 ± 1,07% e 55,32 ± 2,91%, respectivamente. Os conteúdos de glicose e frutose do mel retirado da fazenda de abelhas foram de 27% e 34%, mas a fonte natural foi de 22,50 ± 2,12% e 28,50 ± 3,54%. Os conteúdos de glicose e frutose do mel retirado da fazenda de abelhas foram de 27% e 34%, mas a fonte natural foi de 22,50 ± 2,12% e 28,50 ± 3,54%. Da mesma forma, os teores de sacarose e maltose no mel cultivado foram de 2,5% e 12%, enquanto no mel natural foram de 1,35 ± 0,49% e 8,00 ± 1,41%, respectivamente. O presente estudo indica que os teores de umidade, carboidratos, sacarose e maltose foram maiores no mel cultivado em comparação ao mel natural. Em nossa recomendação, o mel natural é melhor que o mel de cultivo.

Recomendaciones para la práctica clínica sobre el manejo de la actividad física, ejercicio y deporte en niños, niñas y adolescentes con diabetes mellitus tipo 1 / Management of type 1 diabetes mellitus about physical activity, exercise and sports in children and adolescents

La presente recomendación busca brindar un marco de seguridad para la prescripción de actividad física en niños, niñas y adolescentes con diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1), considerando la evaluación de las situaciones que puedan presentarse antes, durante y después de su práctica. Incluye las estrategias terapéuticas sobre el tipo de ejercicio, el control glucémico capilar (o mediante el uso de monitoreo continuo de glucosa, MCG) y la adecuación de la insulinoterapia y de la ingesta de hidratos de carbono. Se prioriza que, para optimizar los beneficios del ejercicio como parte del tratamiento de la DM1, es importante una completa y constante educación diabetológica para el paciente y sus cuidadores brindada por un equipo interdisciplinario entrenado en el manejo integral de niños, niñas y adolescentes con DM1.

These recommendations seek to provide a safety framework for the prescription of physical activity in children and adolescents with DM1, considering the evaluation of the situations that may arise before, during and after the practice of physical activity. It includes therapeutic strategies on the type of exercise, intensive capillary glycemic control or through the use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and the adequacy of insulin therapy and carbohydrate intake. It is prioritized that to optimize the benefits of exercise as part of the treatment of DM1, a complete and constant diabetes education is important, provided by an interdisciplinary team trained in the comprehensive management of children and adolescents with DM1

Fórmula artesanal a base de lactosuero: complemento alimenticio para niños preescolares / Artisanal whey-based formula: food supplement for preschool children

Resumen Se pretendió desarrollar una fórmula artesanal, a base de lactosuero, como complemento alimenticio para niños preescolares. Se realizó una investigación descriptiva ejecutada en tres fases: 1. Ensayos preliminares para la determinación del esquema tecnológico; 2. Evaluación fisicoquímica para la caracterización del producto y determinación de macronutrientes y 3. Evaluación sensorial donde se midió el nivel de agrado del producto final. Los datos obtenidos de los análisis se tabularon en cuatro repeticiones y se analizaron a través de estadísticas descriptivas de tendencia central y en frecuencias expresadas en tablas y gráficos mediante el programa estadístico SPSS versión 20.0. Se obtuvo que en el análisis proximal del requesón deshidratado, éste aportó por cada 100 gramos de producto: 480,28 kcal, 46,5% de proteínas, 22,36% de grasas y 23,26% de hidratos de carbono. La formulación final de la bebida constó de 2,9 g de requesón deshidratado, 3,6 g de arroz previamente cocido y 1,8 g de azúcar diluidos por cada onza preparada. Se determinó que es una fórmula hipocalórica-hiperproteica e isoosmolar, con una viscosidad de 275cP, un pH de 5,1 y con 0,291% de ácido láctico. La fórmula artesanal a base de lactosuero fue de agrado para 41 niños que participaron en el análisis sensorial. Se recomienda su uso en niños que se encuentren en condición de vulnerabilidad nutricional.

Abstract The main objective of this research was to develop an artisan formula based on whey as food supplement directed to preschool children. It was a descriptive study carried out in three phases: 1. Preliminary tests, for the determination of the technological scheme; 2. Physical-chemical evaluation, for the characterisation of the product and determination of nutrients and, 3. Sensory evaluation: the level of satisfaction of the final product measured. The data obtained from the analysis were tabulated in four repetitions and analysed through descriptive statistics of central tendency and in frequencies expressed in tables and graphs using the statistical program SPSS version 20.0. As a result, for each 100 grams of dehydrated cottage cheese this malnuprovides: 480.28 kcal, 46.5% protein; 22.36% fat and 23.26% carbohydrates. The final formulation of the drink consisted of 2.9 g of dehydrated cottage cheese, 3.6 g of previously cooked rice and 1.8 g of diluted sugar for each prepared ounce. It was determined as a hypocaloric-hyperproteic and isomolar formula, with a viscosity of 275cP, a pH of 5.1 and with 0.291% lactic acid. The artisan formula based on whey was liked by 41 children who participated in the sensory analysis. As a conclusion, it can be recommended as food supplement in children with nutritional vulnerability conditions.

Resumo O objetivo principal desta pesquisa foi desenvolver uma fórmula artesanal à base de soro de leite como suplemento alimentar direcionado a crianças pré-escolares. Foi realizado um estudo descritivo em três fases: 1. Ensaios preliminares, para determinação do esquema tecnológico; 2. Avaliação físico-química, para caracterização do produto e determinação de macronutrientes e 3. Avaliação sensorial: mediu-se o grau de satisfação do produto final. Os dados obtidos das análises foram tabulados em quatro repetições e analisados por meio de estatísticas descritivas de tendência central e em frequências expressas em tabelas e gráficos utilizando o programa estatístico SPSS versão 20.0. Como resultado da análise proximal, para cada 100 gramas de requeijão desidratado fornece: 480,28 kcal, 46,5% de proteína; 22,36% de gordura e 23,26% de carboidratos. A formulação final da bebida consistiu em 2,9 g de requeijão desidratado, 3,6 g de arroz previamente cozido e 1,8 g de açúcar diluído para cada onça preparada. O resultado concluiu que é uma fórmula hipocalórica-hiperproteica e isoosmolar, com viscosidade de 275cP, pH de 5,1 e com 0,291% de ácido lático. A fórmula artesanal à base de soro de leite foi apreciada por 41 crianças que participaram da análise sensorial. É recomendado seu uso em crianças que se encontrem em condições de vulnerabilidade nutricional.

Carbohydrate-based gold nanoparticles as colorimetric sensor for cysteine

Background@#Gold nanoparticles have been studied extensively for their potential application in the detection of important analytes. Their relative ease of synthesis through numerous procedures makes possible their implementation in a variety of assays. Cysteine (cys), a thiol-containing amino acid implicated in numerous pathologies such as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), has been routinely detected through expensive fluorometric assay kits. @*Objectives@#As such, this study aimed to develop a carbohydrate-based gold nanoparticle colorimetric assay for the convenient and straightforward detection of cys. @*Methodology@#Carbohydrate-based gold nanoparticles (c-AuNPs) were synthesized following a microwaveassisted procedure. The as-prepared c-AuNPs were used to detect cys by plotting the ratio of the absorbances of the aggregated and dispersed gold nanoparticles against the concentration of cys. @*Results@#The c-AuNP solutions were able to detect cys in the micromolar range, with the glucose-based AuNPs (glc-AuNPs) showing the widest linear range (16.7 μm to 167 μm), and the fructose-based gold nanoparticles (frc-AuNPs) exhibiting the lowest detection limit (9.0 μm) for cys. Aside from being able to detect cys, the c-AuNPs were also responsive to tyr and lys.@*Conclusion@#This study demonstrates that carbohydrate-based gold nanoparticles prepared following a microwave-assisted procedure using sugars as reducing agents and capping agents can be used successfully in the detection of cysteine.

Biopelícula cariogénica de Streptococcus mutans y efecto hemostático de ácido tánico en la hemorragia post-exodoncia / Streptococcus mutans cariogenic biofilm and hemostatic effect of tannic acid in post-extraction hemorrhage

La caries dental y la placa dental se encuentran entre las enfermedades más comunes en todo el mundo y son causadas por una mezcla de microorganismos y restos de alimentos. Tipos específicos de bacterias productoras de ácido, especialmente Streptococcus mutans, colonizan la superficie dental y causan daño a la estructura dental dura en presencia de carbohidratos fermentables, por ejemplo, sacarosa y fructosa. Por otro lado, el sangrado posterior a la extracción es una complicación reconocida y frecuente en la práctica dental, que se define como la pérdida de sangre que continúa más allá de las 8 a 12 horas después de la exodoncia. Existe una amplia gama de técnicas sugeridas y sustancias para el tratamiento del sangrado post-extracción, que incluyen intervenciones dirigidas tanto a causas locales como sistémicas. El ácido tánico es una de las sustancias astringente que precipitan proteínas, pero no penetran en las células, por lo que inciden solo en la capa superficial. Su objetivo se enfoca a robustecer la superficie para acrecentar su resistencia mecánica y reducir la exudación. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la presencia de S. mutans en las biopelículas dentales y al mismo tiempo evaluar la actividad del ácido tánico como inhibidor del sangrado profuso en las extracciones dentales. S. mutans se aisló en el 92,5% de los pacientes evaluados. Los tiempos de hemostasia post-exodoncia fue significativamente menor en el grupo de pacientes a los que se les aplicó el ácido tánico en comparación a los que no se les aplicó(AU)

Tooth decay and dental plaque are among the most common diseases worldwide and are caused by a mix of microorganisms and food debris. Specific types of acid-producing bacteria, especially Streptococcus mutans, colonize the tooth surface and cause damage to hard tooth structure in the presence of fermentable carbohydrates, for example, sucrose and fructose. On the other hand, post-extraction bleeding is a recognized and frequent complication in dental practice, defined as blood loss that continues beyond 8 to 12 hours after extraction. There is a wide range of suggested techniques and substances for the treatment of post-extraction bleeding, including interventions targeting both local and systemic causes. Tannic acid is one of the astringent substances that precipitate proteins, but does not penetrate the cells, so it affects only the superficial layer. Its objective is focused on strengthening the surface to increase its mechanical resistance and reduce exudation. The objective of this study was to determine the presence of S. mutans in dental biofilms and at the same time to evaluate the activity of tannic acid as an inhibitor of profuse bleeding in dental extractions. S. mutans was isolated in 92.5% of the patients evaluated. Post-extraction hemostasis times were significantly shorter in the group of patients who received tannic acid compared to those who did not(AU)

Vitamin D concentrations and their relationship with iron parameters in patients with chronic kidney disease / Concentrações de vitamina D e sua relação com parâmetros de ferro em pacientes com doença renal crônica

ABSTRACT Objective To investigate the relationship between calcidiol (25(OH)D3) concentrations and iron parameters in patients with chronic kidney disease. Methods This is a cross-sectional, descriptive, and quantitative study. The sample consisted of 86 adult patients of both sexes undergoing dialysis. 25(OH)D3 concentrations were determined by chemiluminescence; food consumption was assessed using 24-hour recalls, and the serum levels of hemoglobin, iron, ferritin, and transferrin saturation were assessed. Data analysis was performed using the program Stata, with a significance level of p<0.05. Results The results pointed to 25(OH)D3 concentrations compatible with sufficiency, iron levels consistent with normality, and ferritin and transferrin saturation above the reference values. The consumption of carbohydrates and lipids was higher in females. There was no relationship between the adequacy of 25(OH)D3 and the presence of anemia and iron parameters. Conclusion Considering that the mean serum levels of iron and 25(OH)D3 were adequate, it is suggested that resistance to erythropoietin and the inflammatory process may have contributed to the percentage of anemic individuals found in the study.

RESUMO Objetivo Investigar a relação entre as concentrações de calcidiol (25(OH)D3) e os parâmetros de ferro em pacientes com doença renal crônica. Métodos É um estudo transversal, descritivo e quantitativo. A amostra foi composta por 86 pacientes, adultos, de ambos os sexos, em terapia dialítica. As concentrações de 25(OH)D3 foram determinadas pelo método de quimioluminescência; o consumo alimentar foi avaliado pela aplicação de Recordatórios de 24 horas e foram avaliados os níveis séricos de hemoglobina, ferro, ferritina e saturação de transferrina. A análise dos dados foi realizada no programa Stata, com nível de significância p<0.05. Resultados Os resultados apontaram para concentrações de 25(OH)D3 compatíveis com suficiência, níveis de ferro compatíveis com a normalidade e ferritina e saturação de transferrina superiores à referência. O consumo de carboidratos e lipídios foi superior no sexo feminino. Não foi verificada relação entre a adequação de 25(OH)D3 e a presença de anemia e parâmetros de ferro. Conclusão Tendo em vista que os níveis médios séricos de ferro e 25(OH)D3 estavam adequados, sugere-se que a resistência à eritropoietina e o processo inflamatório podem ter contribuído para o percentual de anêmicos constatado no estudo.

The application of carbohydrate binding module-Thermobifida fusca cutinase fusion protein in polyethylene terephthalate degradation / 生物工程学报

With the development of global economy, the dramatically increased production of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastics has led to a remarkably increased amount of plastic waste. PET waste can be treated by landfill, incineration, or biodegradation. While landfilling and incineration may cause secondary pollution, biodegradation has since received increased attentions due to its environmental friendliness. Recent studies have indicated that the carbohydrate binding module (CBM) can effectively enhance the binding of PET degrading enzymes to PET, and consequently increasing PET degradation rate. Here we constructed a fusion protein BaCBM2-Tfuc containing the BaCBM2 from Bacillus anthraci and the cutinase Tfuc from Thermobifida fusca, by megaprimer PCR of whole plasmids (MEGAWHOP). Notabaly, the PET film degradation efficiency (at 60 ℃) of BaCBM2-Tfuc was 2.8 times that of Tfuc. This study may provide technical support for constructing fusion proteins capable of efficiently degrading PET.

Chemical synthesis of a synthetically useful L-galactosaminuronic acid building block / 中国天然药物

Most bacterial cell surface glycans are structurally unique, and have been considered as ideal target molecules for the developments of detection and diagnosis techniques, as well as vaccines. Chemical synthesis has been a promising approach to prepare well-defined oligosaccharides, facilitating the structure-activity relationship exploration and biomedical applications of bacterial glycans. L-Galactosaminuronic acid is a rare sugar that has been only found in cell surface glycans of gram-negative bacteria. Here, an orthogonally protected L-galactosaminuronic acid building block was designed and chemically synthesized. A synthetic strategy based on glycal addition and TEMPO/BAIB-mediated C6 oxidation served well for the transformation of commercial L-galactose to the corresponding L-galactosaminuronic acid. Notably, the C6 oxidation of the allyl glycoside was more efficient than that of the selenoglycoside. In addition, a balance between the formation of allyl glycoside and the recovery of selenoglycoside was essential to improve efficiency of the NIS/TfOH-catalyzed allylation. This synthetically useful L-galactosaminuronic acid building block will provide a basis for the syntheses of complex bacterial glycans.

Anafilaxia a alfa-gal: um relato de caso paraibano / Alpha-gal anaphylaxis: a case report from Paraíba, Brazil

O presente relato apresenta um caso de anafilaxia tardia ao carboidrato alfa-gal em um adolescente da cidade de Belém, na Paraíba, Brasil. O paciente desenvolveu reação tardia à ingesta de carne e vísceras de animais. Ele mora em fazenda e tem contato próximo com animais potencialmente contaminados por carrapatos. Essa causa de reação alérgica é nova, e estudos começaram a atribuí-la a casos antes ditos idiopáticos. A anafilaxia é uma reação potencialmente fatal, que deve ser prontamente diagnosticada e tratada. Sendo assim, a descoberta de seu fator desencadeante é um dos principais itens que direcionam o tratamento. No Brasil, nenhum caso de anafilaxia por alfa-gal foi antes descrito na literatura local.

This report presents a case of late anaphylaxis to alpha-gal carbohydrate in a teenager living in the city of Belém, Paraíba, Brazil. The patient developed a late reaction to eating meat and offal of animals; he lives on a farm and has close contact with animals potentially contaminated by ticks. This cause of allergic reaction is new, and studies have started to attribute it to cases previously said to be idiopathic. Anaphylaxis is a potentially fatal reaction that must be promptly diagnosed and treated. Thus, the discovery of its triggering factor is one of the main items that guide treatment. In Brazil, no case of alpha-gal anaphylaxis had been described in the local literature.

Niveles séricos de interleucina-6 en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 y su correlación con el perfil lipídico / Serum levels of interleukin-6 in patients with type 2 diabetes and its correlation with the lipid profile

La diabetes mellitus es una enfermedad metabólica caracterizada por hiperglucemia, a consecuencia de defectos en la producción, secreción y/o acción de la insulina, produciendo alteraciones en el metabolismo de los hidratos de carbono, lípidos y proteínas; asociado a un proceso inflamatorio crónica en un plazo variable, que provocara lesiones macro y microvasculares. Objetivo: Evaluar los niveles séricos de interleucina-6 (IL-6) en pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 y su correlación con el perfil lipídico. Métodos: Se realizó estudio descriptivo analítico y transversal, comprendido por 60 adultos de ambos sexos entre 30 a 60 años, con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 que acudieron a consulta de Endocrinología del Hospital Militar Universitario Dr. Carlos Arvelo. Se les determino glucemia basal, interleucina-6, perfil lipídico, resultados relacionados con parámetros antropométricos, composición corporal, la edad y tiempo de evolución de la diabetes. Resultados: La edad promedio de 51,60 años ± 6,51, donde el 71,6% correspondieron al sexo femenino y el 28,3% al masculino, tiempo de evolución de la diabetes entre 1 mes y 37 años, con un promedio de 10,97 años. Se presentó correlación positiva baja y estadísticamente significativa entre interleucina 6 y los parámetros de triglicéridos, VLDL y no-HDL Conclusión: Se encontró valores elevados de IL-6 en todos los pacientes diabéticos tipo 2, así como una correlación positiva entre IL-6 y las lipoproteínas ricas en triglicéridos. Esto respalda la idea de que la hipertrigliceridemia puede causar cambios inflamatorios en pacientes diabéticos y esto elevaría el riesgo cardiovascular de estos pacientes(AU)

Hormônio do crescimento versus treinamento de força: alterações nas estruturas colágenas, lipídicas e glicídicas / Growth hormone (gh) versus strength training: changes in collagen, lipid and glucidic structures

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação de hormônio do crescimento (Growth Hormone - GH) e treinamento de força (TF) na composição do tecido ósseo de ratos Wistar a partir da Espectroscopia Raman. 40 ratos machos foram distribuídos de forma aleatória em quatro grupos: controle (C [n=10]), controle a aplicação de GH (GHC [n=10]), treinamento de força (T [n=10]) e treinamento de força e aplicação de GH (GHT [n=10]). O treinamento foi composto por quatro séries de 10 saltos aquáticos, realizados três vezes por semana, com sobrecarga correspondente a 50% do peso corpóreo e duração de quatro semanas. O GH foi aplicado na dose de 0,2 UI/Kg em cada animal, três vezes por semana e em dias alternados. Ao final do experimento, os animais foram eutanasiados e coletados os fêmures direitos para realização da análise da composição óssea. A espectroscopia Raman (ER) foi utilizada para observar os seguintes compostos a partir de suas respectivas bandas: colágeno e fosfolipídio (1445 cm-1), colesterol (548 cm-1), glicerol (607 cm-1), glicose (913 cm-1), Pico de carboidrato (931 cm-1 ) e prolina (918 cm-1 ). Para a análise estatística, foram realizados os testes de normalidade de Shapiro-Wilk e análise de variâncias ANOVA one-way, seguida pelo pós-teste de Tukey. Os resultados revelaram aumento nas concentrações de colágeno e fosfolipidio, colesterol, glicerol, glicose, pico de carboidrato e prolina em todos os grupos experimentais, associados ou não à realização do ST e/ou aplicação de GH. Porém, somente o grupo T diferiu significativamente do grupo C (p<0,05). Conclui-se que todas intervenções puderam promover ganho no tecido ósseo, porém, somente o grupo T demonstrou diferença significativa nos compostos minerais analisados. (AU)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the application of growth hormone (GH) and strength training (TF) on the bone tissue composition of Wistar rats using Raman Spectroscopy. 40 male rats were randomly assigned to four groups: control (C [n = 10]), control the application of GH (GHC [n = 10]), strength training (T [n = 10]) and training of strength and application of GH (GHT [n = 10]). The training consisted of four series of 10 water jumps, performed three times a week, with an overload corresponding to 50% of body weight and lasting four weeks. GH was applied at a dose of 0.2 IU / kg to each animal, three times a week and on alternate days. After four weeks, the animals were euthanized and the right femurs were collected to carry out the analysis of the bone composition. Raman spectroscopy (ER) was used to observe the following compounds from their respective bands: collagen and phospholipid (1445 cm-1), cholesterol (548 cm-1), glycerol (607 cm-1), glucose (913 cm-1), Peak carbohydrate (931 cm-1), proline (918 cm-1). For statistical analysis, the Shapiro-Wilk normality tests and ANOVA One-Way analysis of variances were performed, followed by the Tukey post-test. The results revealed an increase in the concentrations of collagen and phospholipid, cholesterol, glycerol, glucose, peak carbohydrate and proline in all experimental groups, associated or not with the performance of ST and / or application of GH. However, only group T differed significantly from group C (p <0.05). It was concluded that all intervention could promote gain in bone tissue, however, only the T group showed a significant difference in the analyzed mineral compounds. (AU)

La suplementación con ácido ascórbico atenúa el trastorno metabólico inducido por un derivado de juglona / Ascorbic supplementation attenuates juglone induced metabolic derangement

Los derivados de juglona, como 2-(4-hidroxifenil) amino-1,4-naftoquinona (Q7), son conocidos agentes antitumorales. Ellos generan especies reactivas de oxígeno (ROS), que podrían producir un desbalance de ROS y un metabolismo anormal de lípidos. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto del ascorbato sobre el metabolismo de lípidos y carbohidratos en condición de estrés oxidativo inducido por Q7. A ratas Wistar macho, se les administró oralmente Q7 (10 mg/Kg) y/o ascorbato (500 mg/Kg) durante 20 días. Las ratas tratadas con Q7 mostraron un aumento de los triglicéridos en suero, del colesterol VLDL y de los niveles de peróxidación lipídica. Cuando el tratamiento con Q7 fue seguido de la administración de ascorbato (500 mg/Kg), observamos una disminución de los triglicéridos en suero, del colesterol VLDL y de la peroxidación lipídica. La administración oral de ascorbato redujo el aumento de lípidos inducido por Q7 y la glicemia postprandial. Esto podría estar asociado con la actividad redox del ascorbato, que reduce el estrés oxidativo inducido por Q7. Concluimos que el ascorbato modula el aumento del metabolismo de lípidos y carbohidratos inducido por Q7.

Juglone derivatives like 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) amino-1,4-naphthoquinone (Q7) are used as antitumor agents, and act through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Such may lead to abnormal lipid metabolism and ROS dysregulation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of ascorbate on the metabolism of lipids and carbohydrates following Q7-induced oxidative stress. Male Wistar rats were administered Q7 (10 mg/Kg) and/or ascorbate (500 mg/Kg) orally for 20 days. Rats treated with Q7 showed an increase in serum triglycerides, VLDL cholesterol and lipid peroxidation levels. When Q7 treatment was followed up by ascorbate (500 mg/Kg) administration, we observed a reduction in serum triglycerides, VLDL cholesterol and lipid peroxidation. The oral administration of ascorbate reduced the Q7-induced increases in lipids, and postprandial glycemia. This could be associated with the redox activity of ascorbate that reduced the oxidative stress induced by Q7. We thus conclude that ascorbate modulates the Q7-induced increase of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.

The role of pioglitazone in antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and insulin sensitivity in a high fat-carbohydrate diet-induced rat model of insulin resistance

We explored the cascade effects of a high fat-carbohydrate diet (HFCD) and pioglitazone (an anti-diabetic therapy used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)) on lipid profiles, oxidative stress/antioxidant, insulin, and inflammatory biomarkers in a rat model of insulin resistance. Sixty albino rats (80-90 g) were randomly divided into three dietary groups; 1) standard diet; 2) HFCD diet for 12 weeks to induce an in vivo model of insulin resistance; and 3) HFCD diet plus pioglitazone. Blood and tissue samples were taken to assess hepatic function, lipid profiles, oxidative biomarkers, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, antioxidant defense biomarkers, including reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and the inflammatory markers interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrotic factor (TNF-α). HFCD-fed rats had significantly (P≤0.05) increased serum triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), alanine transaminase (ALT), and bilirubin levels, but decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels compared with the normal group. Moreover, serum leptin, resistin, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels were increased significantly in HFCD animals compared with controls. Similarly, HFCD-induced insulin resistance caused antioxidant and cytokine disturbances, which are important therapy targets for pioglitazone. Importantly, administration of this drug ameliorated these changes, normalized leptin and resistin and inflammatory markers by reducing TNF-α levels. Metabolic cascades of elevated lipid profiles, oxidative stress, insulin, and inflammatory biomarkers are implicated in insulin resistance progression. HFCD induced metabolic cascades comprising hypertriglyceridemia, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, obesity-associated hormones, and inflammatory biomarkers may be alleviated using pioglitazone.

Carbohydrate antigen 15-3 as a marker of disease severity in patients with chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis* / Antígeno carboidrato 15-3 como marcador de gravidade da doença em pacientes com pneumonite de hipersensibilidade crônica

ABSTRACT Objective: Biomarkers associated with mucin 1, such as Krebs von den Lungen-6 and carbohydrate antigen (CA) 15-3, are increased in various interstitial lung diseases. Our aim was to determine whether CA 15-3 could be considered a biomarker of disease severity in patients with chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (cHP). Methods: This was a prospective observational study involving adult patients with cHP. Serum levels of CA 15-3 were measured and were correlated with variables related to disease severity and extension. HRCT scans were quantitatively analyzed using a computational platform and an image analysis tool (Computer Aided Lung Informatics for Pathology Evaluation and Rating). CA 15-3 levels were normalized by logarithmic transformation. Results: The sample comprised 41 patients. The mean age of the patients was 60.1 ± 11.6 years. The mean FVC in % of predicted was 70.3% ± 17.3%, and the median of the serum level of CA 15-3 was 48.1 U/mL. CA 15-3 levels inversely correlated with FVC in % of predicted (r = −0,30; p = 0,05), DLCO in % of predicted (r = −0,54; p < 0,01), and SpO2 at the end of a 4-min step test (r = −0,59; p < 0,01), but they directly correlated with total quantitative HRCT scores (r = 0,47; p = 0,004), especially regarding ground-glass opacities (r = 0.58; p < 0,001). Conclusions: CA 15-3 is likely to be a biomarker of disease severity of patients with cHP, particularly regarding gas exchange abnormalities.

RESUMO Objetivo: Biomarcadores associados à mucina-1, tais como Krebs von den Lungen-6 e carbohydrate antigen (CA, antígeno carboidrato) 15-3, encontram-se aumentados em diversas doenças pulmonares intersticiais. Nosso objetivo foi determinar se CA 15-3 poderia ser considerado um biomarcador de gravidade de doença em pacientes com pneumonite de hipersensibilidade crônica (PHc). Métodos: Estudo prospectivo observacional envolvendo pacientes adultos com PHc. Os níveis séricos de CA 15-3 foram medidos e correlacionados com variáveis relacionadas à gravidade e extensão da doença. As imagens de TCAR foram analisadas quantitativamente utilizando uma plataforma computacional e uma ferramenta de análise de imagem (Computer-Aided Lung Informatics for Pathology Evaluation and Rating). Os níveis de CA 15-3 foram normalizados por transformação logarítmica. Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 41 pacientes. A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 60,1 ± 11,6 anos. A média da CVF em % do previsto foi de 70,3% ± 17,3%, e a mediana do nível sérico de CA 15-3 foi de 48,1 U/mL. Os níveis de CA 15-3 se correlacionaram inversamente com CVF em % do previsto (r = −0,30; p = 0,05), DLCO em % do previsto (r = −0,54; p < 0,01) e SpO2 ao final de um teste de degrau de 4 minutos (r = −0,59; p < 0,01), mas se correlacionaram diretamente com a pontuação quantitativa total da TCAR (r = 0,47; p = 0,004), especialmente quanto a opacidades em vidro fosco (r = 0,58; p < 0,001). Conclusões: É provável que o CA 15-3 seja um biomarcador de gravidade de doença em pacientes com PHc, particularmente quanto a anormalidades nas trocas gasosas.

Propuesta de utilización de harina de cabeza de pescado para fortificar alimentos de consumo popular altos en carbohidratos / Proposal for the use of fish head meal to fortify popular consumption foods high in carbohydrates

En esta investigación documental se presentan alternativas viables para utilizar cabezas de pescado, subproductos de la acuicultura, para elaborar harina que sirva como materia prima para la fortificación de productos alimenticios nutritivos. La harina de cabeza de pescado propuesta en esta investigación puede ser integrada exitosamente a alimentos para consumo humano, y usadas en las proporciones adecuadas no causa interferencias en las propiedades sensoriales de los productos formulados. Para masificar la producción de los alimentos fortificados con harina de cabeza de pescado propuestos en este estudio, es indispensable practicarle además una serie de pruebas denominadas "vida de anaquel".

In this documentary research, viable alternatives are presented to use fish heads, by-products of aquaculture, to make flour that serve as raw material for the fortification of nutritious food products. The fish head meal proposed in this research can be successfully integrated into food for human consumption, and used in the appropriate proportions does not cause interference in the sensory properties of the formulated products. To massify the production of foods fortified with fish head meal proposed in this study, it is essential to also perform a series of tests called "shelf life".

Avaliação do estado nutricional e da dieta de crianças e adolescentes com síndrome de down / Evaluación del estado nutricional y de la dieta de niños y adolescentes con síndrome de down / Evaluation of nutritional status and diet of children and adolescents with down syndrome

RESUMO Introdução: As crianças com síndrome de Down (SD) podem apresentar maior incidência de neofobia e de seletividade alimentar, sobrepeso e obesidade. A alimentação saudável e equilibrada é de suma importância para o crescimento adequado dessas crianças. Objetivo: Avaliar a adequação dos componentes da dieta e o estado nutricional de crianças e adolescentes com síndrome de Down em seguimento no ambulatório de pediatria genética do Hospital das Clínicas de Botucatu. Método: Estudo clínico descritivo transversal, com coleta de dados clínicos e avaliação nutricional, realizadopor meio de dados antropométricos e recordatório alimentar para avaliação da dieta. Análise estatística dos testes de Qui-quadrado e de Tukey. Resultados: Foram incluídos 35 crianças e dois adolescentes. Os diagnósticos nutricionais foram 2,7% de magreza, 81,1% de eutrofia, 8,1% de obesidade e 8,1% em risco ou sobrepeso. Houve excesso de ingestão de lipídeos naqueles com sobrepeso e obesidade, e a dieta deficiente em fibras foi prevalente a partir do primeiro ano de vida, bem como excesso de calorias e adequação de ferro e zinco. Entre os dois adolescentes, predominou a dieta com déficits em macro e micronutrientes, exceto em vitamina C e colesterol. Conclusões: A dieta com excesso de calorias, carboidratos e lipídios, como tambémcom déficit de fibras, aponta uma alimentação pouco balanceada entre crianças e adolescentes com SD, principalmente após o primeiro ano de vida, apesar do seu adequado estado nutricional.

RESUMEN Introducción: los niños consíndrome de Down (SD) pueden presentar mayor incidencia de neofobia yde selectividad alimentaria, sobrepeso y obesidad. La alimentación saludabley equilibradaes de gran importancia para el crecimiento adecuado de estos niños. Objetivo: la adecuación de los componentes de la dieta yel estado nutricional de niños y adolescentes con síndrome de Downasistidosen la clínica médica depediatría genética delHospital das Clínicas de Botucatu. Método: estudio clínico descriptivo transversal, con recolección de datos clínicos yevaluación nutricional, realizado medianteindicadores antropométricos y recordatorio alimentario para la evaluación de la dieta. Análisis estadísticode laspruebas de ji-cuadrado y de Tukey. Resultados: fueron incluidos 35niños ydos adolescentes. Los diagnósticos nutricionales fueron 2,7% de delgadez, 81,1% de eutrofia, 8,1% de obesidady8,1% en riesgo o sobrepeso. Hubo exceso de ingestión delípidosenaquellos con sobrepeso y obesidad, yla dieta deficiente en fibrasfueprevalentea partir del primer año de vida, así como exceso de calorías y adecuación de hierro y zinc. Entre los dos adolescentes, predominóla dieta con déficits en macro y micronutrientes, excepto en vitamina C y colesterol. Conclusiones: la dieta con exceso de calorías, carbohidratosylípidos, como tambiéncondéficit de fibras, señala una alimentación poco balanceada entre niños y adolescentes con SD, principalmente trasel primer año de vida, apesar de su adecuado estado nutricional.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Children with Down syndrome (DS) may have a prevalence of neophobia and food selectivity, overweight, and obesity. A healthy and balanced diet is of utmost importance for the proper growth of these children. Objective: To evaluate the adequacy of diet components and the nutritional status of children and adolescents with Down syndrome followed up at the outpatient care of genetic pediatrics, Hospital das Clínicas de Botucatu. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive clinical study, with a collection of clinical data and nutritional assessment, using anthropometric data and dietary records to evaluate the diet. Statistical analysis of the Chi-square and Tukey tests were performed. Results: A total of 35 children and two adolescents were included. Nutritional diagnoses were 2.7% lean, 81.1% eutrophic, 8.1% obese, and 8.1% at risk or overweight. There was an excess of lipid intake in overweight and obese children, and a fiber-deficient diet was prevalent since the first year of age, as well as extra calories and adequate iron and zinc intake. Among the two adolescents, a diet with deficits in macro and micronutrients, except for vitamin C and cholesterol, stood out. Conclusions: A diet with an excess of calories, carbohydrates, and lipids, as well as a fiber-deficient diet, indicates an unbalanced diet among children and adolescents with DS, especially after one year of age, despite their adequate nutritional status.

Antibacterial Activity of Plant Lectins: a Review

Abstract Lectins are proteins that form a heterogeneous group, capable of binding specifically and reversibly to carbohydrates. They occur in various types of organisms, having different functions, in plants they are present in almost all structures, however with greater proportion in seeds roots and rhizomes. This review aims to provide a more detailed understanding of the antibacterial action of lectins and their biotechnological potential against pathogenic bacteria in the last ten years. Several mechanisms of action are described for the antibacterial activity of these proteins among which the best known occurs due to the interaction between the binding site of the lectin and the carbohydrates exposed on the bacterial cell surface. In vivo studies demonstrate that lectins act on the cascade of cytokines and influencing the level of nitric oxide as ways to decrease bacterial infection. To date, lectins have performed a wide antibacterial activity, emphasizing that each lectin acts according to its carbohydrate specificity, in this way, it is possible to have a distinct performance according to the plant species that are extracted. Thus, being an alternative to the antibacterial resistance that occurs in response to antibiotics. Furthermore, more studies with this theme are necessary for clinical application.

Cognitive restraint directed at carbohydrates in individuals on low-carb diet with binge eating: the role of guilt about food cravings / Restrição cognitiva direcionada aos carboidratos em indivíduos praticantes de dieta low carb com compulsão alimentar: o envolvimento da culpa pelos desejos por comida

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate whether the carbohydrate-restricted diet leads to higher levels of food cravings in individuals with binge eating. Methods A total of 146 individuals with binge eating participated in the Low-Carb Diet Group (n=48) and Control Group (n=98). The Binge Eating Scale, Hay's questionnaire, Food Cravings Questionnaire - Trait and State, Cognitive restraint subscale and its adapted version for the cognitive restraint toward carbohydrates, were used as measures. Parametric tests were used for comparison between groups (Student's t test), and Pearson's correlation test to verify correlations between variables of interest. Results No differences were found between groups with and without diet concerning the level of binge eating or food craving total score. The differences found were the higher levels of cognitive restraint (p=0.01), cognitive restraint for carbohydrates (p=0.01) and subscales of 'guilt about food craving' (p=0.04) in the Low-Carb Diet Group. Conclusion Individuals with binge eating and a history of low-carb diet have greater cognitive restraint toward carbohydrates and association with altered eating attitudes (guilt about food craving).

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar se a dieta com restrição de carboidratos acarreta níveis elevados de desejos intenso por comida em indivíduos com compulsão alimentar. Métodos Participaram 146 indivíduos com compulsão alimentar divididos nos Grupos Dieta Low Carb (n=48) e Grupo Controle (n=98). Foram utilizados como medidas: Escala de Compulsão Alimentar Periódica, Questionário de Hay, Questionário de Desejos Intensos por Comida - Traço e Estado, Subescala de restrição cognitiva e sua versão adaptada para a restrição cognitiva direcionada aos carboidratos. Foram utilizados testes paramétricos para comparação entre grupos (teste t de Student) e o teste de correlação de Pearson para verificar correlações entre variáveis de interesse. Resultados Não foram encontradas diferenças entre grupos com e sem prática de dieta em relação ao nível de compulsão alimentar ou ao escore total para desejos intensos por comida. As diferenças encontradas foram os maiores níveis de restrição cognitiva (p=0,01), restrição cognitiva para carboidratos (p=0,01) e subescalas de 'culpa por causa dos desejos' (p=0,04) no Grupo Dieta Low Carb. Conclusão Indivíduos com compulsão alimentar e histórico de dieta com restrição de carboidratos (low carb) possuem maior restrição cognitiva direcionada aos carboidratos e associação com atitudes alimentares alteradas (culpa pelos desejos).